Pile fabric



FILE FABRIC 9 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 18, 1956 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH Original Filed March 3, 1952 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS 1 FILE FABRIC 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed March 3. 1952 EAJ R w 4 WM 55 em v! @A m w 5 8 as was w m 2 av H m w m @B V EB s as EA EA as 25 EA @A m/ m nwmmws as A m fimA m ATTORNEYS- 1956 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,774,339

PILE FABRIC 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed. March 3, 1952 ENVENTOR flaw wzflmezaavil BY 1 J; I. $4

' TTORNEYS 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH FILE FABRIC Dec. 18,

Original Filed March 5, 1952 mmmmm a x INVENTOR F4221 WEHoese/JarZ/i.

ATTORNEYS 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 FILE FABRIC F. W. E. HOESELBARTH F Amm /wbmw A 5 m Dec. 18, 1956 Original Filed March 5, 1952 Dec. 18, 1956 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,774,339

FILE FABRIC 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 Origigal Filed March 3, 1952 I INVENTQR Fare/f WE fioeseiarzxi- PILE FABRIC Frank W. E. Hoeselbarth, Carlisle, Pa., assignor to C. H.

Masland & Sons, Carlisle, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania 1 Claim. 01. 139-402 The present invention relates to pile fabrics and especially carpets and rugs, particularly of the type in which textured efiects are achieved in the pile.

The present application is a division of my application Serial No. 274,566, new U. S. Patent No. 2,731,985, for Method and Apparatus for Weaving Pile Fabrics and Pile Fabric, [filed March 3, 1952, incorporated herein by reference, 'the parent case containing the method and apparatus subject matter.

The present invention is a continuation in part and further development of my U. S. patent applications Serial No. 191,830, filed October 24, 1950, now U. S. Patent No. 2,709,460, dated January 31, 1955, for Weaving Pile Fabric Having High and Low Loops; Serial No. 167,534, filed June 12, 1950, for Velvet or Tapestry Weave, Loom and Velvet or Tapestry Carpet Fabric; and Serial No. 190,280, =filed Octdber 16, -1950, now U. S. Patent No. 2,714,902, dated August 9, 1955 tor Multiple Pile Staggered W-Weav-ing.

A purpose of the invention is to employ two or more pile warps, weaving preferably on the velvet system, although permissibly according to the Wilton or Brussels system, to raise the respective pile warps over different wires producing difierent pile configurations in .difierent pattern areas, and .on at least one of the pile warps and preferably both or all in a given pattern area, to employ a succession of different wires producing a succession of d-itferent pile configurations suitably varying in the ditference between high and low pile, wavy and straight pile, cut and uncut pile, or the like.

A further purposeis to intermingle pile termed by two difierent warps difiering in color or in sequence of different colored ends, to reverse the pile warps which are raised .over particular groups of wires in different pattern areas, and to raise one or preferably both warps and preferably all ends thereof in a given pattern area over successive wires of different characters, one being for example higher and another lower, one being straight and another wavy, one being cutting and another non cutting, or combinations thereof.

A further purpose is to employ wavy pile wires, the highest portions of which meet ditferent heights on alternating wires and the lowest portions of which are higher on the wires having the higher highest portions and lower on the wires having the lower highest portions, to raise the difierent warps over these difierent wires, and preferably to reverse the particular warps raised over particular wires in difierent pattern areas.

-A further purpose is to employ two groups of wavy wires suitably alternating, one of which has higher highest portions in the shed and the other of which has lower highest portions in the shed and to employ lower lowest portions on the wires having the higher highest portion than on the wireshaving the lower highest portions. Dif- 'ferent pile warps are suitably raised over the wires of diflierent characters in one pattern area and in another patternrarea the relation of warps and wires is preferably reversed.

Y United States Patent 2,774,389 Patented Dec. 18, 1956 A rfurther purpose is to employ alternating wavy wires of different character raising d-ifierent pile warps, with the highest portio'nsin the shed of the wavy wires of difierent heights and the lowest portions in the shed of the same height, and to reverse the relationship of the wires and pile warps in different pattern areas.

A further purpose is to employ for raising difierent pile warps wavy pile wires having the highest wire portions in the shed of the same heights and the lowest wire portions in the shed of different heights, and to reverse the relations of wires and pile warps in different pattern areas.

A iurther purpose is to utilize combinations of wavy wires and straight wires raising different warps and reversing the relationship of wires and warps, the straight wires being preferably of d-ifierent heights, and to employ the highest portions on the wavy wires and the lowest portions on the wavy wires optionally higher or lower than the straight wires.

A further purpose is to use difierent characters of wires to raise difierent warps in the same pattern area, and on the same warp in the same pattern area to apply successive wavy wires having difierent heights in different rows, suitably creating pile projections which may in some cases have the heights of the highest pile projections in different rows difierent and the heights of the lowest pile projections highest or optionally lowest in the rows having the higher highest pile projections, or optionally to have the highest pile projections of the same height and the lowest pile projections optionally of the same height or difierent heights.

A further purpose is to vary the order of the presentation of the wires either 'by varying alternations of the wires of different types or by omitting a wire at a particular transverse row.

A iurther purpose toyaccent the textured effect by making up the pile warps each of ends of difierent colors, :difierent twists, different weights, or difierent constructions, so that these difierent ends raised in pile projectzions of difierent configurations will further enhance the contrast.

Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claim.

1n the drawings I have chosen to illustrate several only of the numerous embodiments in which my invention may appear, selecting the forms shown from the standpoints of convenience in illustration, satisfactory operation, and clear demonstration of the principles volved.

Figure 1 is a conventional warpwise diagram of the weave of the invention with conventional showing of the wires. v

Figure 1a is a conventional warpwise weave diagram showing the invention applied to a staggered W-weave.

Figures 2 to 40, inclusive, are conventional cross sections showing portions of the wire sets which will be employed in difierent embodiments of the invention, these figures indicating the sequence of wires of ditferent characters which are employed.

Figures 19a and 19b are views showing the same fabric in two different pattern areas corresponding to the weave diagram of Figure l, and illustrating the. wire set of Figure 19.

Figures 41 and 42 are diagrammatic plan views of wire sets which may be used, Figure 42 being a variation of Figure 41.

Figure 42a is a side elevation of a wavy wire.

Figures 43, 44 and 45 are diagrams transversely sectioning the wire set and showing different procedures by which reversal may be accomplished.

Figures 46 and 47 are diagrams of variant weaves according to the invention showing variations in the char actor of the pile warp and in the reversals of the wires.

In the drawings like numerals refer to like parts throughout. 7

p In accordance with the present: invention, ll-increase the variants available to the designerinfcreatingftextured effects on pile fabrics, especially carpets and rugs, by permitting variation inrthe pile configuration'of one pile warp which is interwoven with another pile warp creating pileof a different character, and furthermore permitting reversal of the pile warps so that one pile warp creates pile of a given character or preferably a succession of different characters in one pattern area while the other pile warp is creating a different character of pile in that patternarea, and then the pile warps interchange their relationship in another pattern area. This is particularly effective where each pile warp is made up .of pile warp ends of different colors, different twists, different weights, ordifferent constructions arranged side by side, suitably with several like pile warp ends together forming a band and then several more together :beside them forming the next band.

I furthermore am able to accent the textured effect.

preferably with or permissibly without reversal by creating unusual relationship between the heights of pile warp ends of one warp and the heights of the pile 25 warp ends of another .warp in the same pattern area. Thus in one desirable embodiment I use wavy wires to raise the ends of both pile warps, but employ different heights of the highest portions of the wires in the shed so as to produce highest pileprojections of the different warps which are of different heights, with reversal of the relationship in another pattern area. In one embodiment where the highest pile projections of the different warps. are respectively of different heights, I make the lowest pile projections of the same height. In another embodiment -I use lowest pile projections of different heights, in some cases using the lower lowest pile projections in the rows having higher highest pile projections and in other cases using higher, lowest pile projections in the rows having higher highest pile projections, with 4 a reversal in other pattern areas.

I also find that Ican produce a desirable textured effect by using highest 'pile projections of thesame height and lowest pile projections of different heights on the different warps in a particular pattern area, with reversal in. another pattern area. 7

I also find that various combinations of heights of wavy and straight rows of pileprojectionscan be obtained.

In some cases the highest :and lowest pile projections in.

the wavy rows are made higher and in other cases lower than the straight pile projections of the other warp with reversal in another pattern area. I also use straight pile 'projections whose height is intermediate between the highest and lowest pile projections in the wavy rows.

The effects obtained by the texturing may also be .ac- .cented by shearing only the highest of the wavy pile projections and leaving the other pile projections .unsheared. V V

In order to accomplish the reversal according come invention, I may either employ in a wire set wires having the same characters whichare adjoining at one point and which alternate elsewhere or I may omit one wire or an odd number of wires to create a reversal as later explained.

The wavy wires employed in the invention will have gradual slopes in both the forward and rearward direction at the upper edges where the level is changed on the tops of the-wires to avoid roughening the fabric during withdrawal of the Wires. 7

While the invention maybe employed in Wilton, Brussels orother Jacquard carpet weaving, it is believed to find to. include tapestry carpet. In other words, in the preferred embodiment all of the ends of a particular warp 4' raised over another wire to formthe next transverse row. The relation of the wires which form the pile for the different warps in a given pattern area and the relation of the successive wires which form the pile for a par- 75 ticular warp in a particular pattern area. is important in the present invention.

While it is permissible to use 3, 4, 5 or more pile warps, the principles of the invention will readily be understood by considering weaves employing two warps. Where flats of different heights, suitably three ormore heights,

with intermediate merging surfaces. Y I

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the fabric of 5 the invention, which maybe a velvet or tapestry carpet Figure 1 illustrates two pile warps 75 and 76 .rai'sed over wires 96-and 98 and bound beyond iwefts 97. The

backing of the carpeteomprises binderwvarps 84 and 185 and a 'stuffer, warp 91 interwoven with-the weft. fWhile two pile warps only are shown it will bel evident that any suitable number of pile warp sets 'will be employed. One.

or more stufler warps will be used as desired. r 1

The wires 96 and '98 are conventionally illustrated without reference to their difference, illustrated later. These wires alternate so that except at a point of reversal there will always be a 'wire 96 alternating with'a wire 98,. although the particular warp raised overthe -wires 96 or the wires 98, as the casema'y be, will reverse in different pattern areas. Thc heig'hts and char'acters of the pile projections ltlfland 10:1 o f'the different warps areditferent. V v 7 7 a b V TheIinv-enti'on is applicable not only to so-ealled V- weaves but also to other constructions such asstaggered W-weaves as' described and/claimed in my'copending application Serial No. l9Q,280,'filed October 16, 1950, for Multiple Pile Staggered w weave. Figure la illus- .trates such a staggered 'w-weave in which pile warp-75 0 is. raised over pile wires 96 in this pattern area and pile warp 76 is raised over pile wires 98in this pattern area with suitable reversal as described. A single binder warp 84 is woven in opposition to the piie warps 'and suitably also to a stuffer'warp'91. Each pile warpis bound-under two front Wefts and over a back weft betweengany' two points in which it rises in the pile in this weave. v

In .Figures 2 to 41 in order to simplify the showmg,

I illustrate merely the diagrammatic illustration of'the transverse wires, and the pileprojections, omitting the backing of the fabric. It is assumed that on the wavy wires, the -sections ar made'at the lowest points in the shed, theisectio'ns being taken at warp'positions where low points happen to'scoincide. V v

In Figure 2 I show low, straight, round 'or'non-cutting wires 96 overwhich pile loops 100 are formed from pile war p 75 and high, straight, rounjdorjnon-cutting'pile wires 98. over which higher pileloops 101 are formed from pile warp 76 in a-givenpatte'rn'area; After reversal inanotherpattern area, pile warp'l75 is prferablyjraised .over the high, str'aight, non-cutting wires 98' and pile ing cutters 102 atthefar ends of both the high and the 7 its greatest application in velvet carpet, by which I mean warp 76 israised over. the low,,.straig'ht non-cutting wires 96. V

The combination ofhigh'andlow'straight wires appl ed to the differentwarps is also.applicableusing wireshav- -lowstraight wiresas s'hownin Figure. 3,.- An example of this kind is foundin a fabricwoven over 10W straight cutting wires'of 0.500 inch height and high straightjnion- ,cutting wires of O;7,50inch heightpperating:ondilferentf .pile warps.

In somecases it is preferable to use cutters on the wires PPl to 9115 3 b t 011,1 die-"Win31 P The othe nwarp, as shown'inFigures 4fandf5. ZIn'Figure '4'the cutters 102 are onstraig'ht high wires98 and the straight 5 low wires are non-cutting. In Figure 5, the cutters-1'02 wavy wires are used, the shape may be a sine or other wave, but it will preferably be a series of plateaus or are on the low straight wires and'the high straightwires arenon-cutting. V j j In some cases it is preferable to use wavy wires applied to both pile warps, thus producing high and low loops in the same transverse row and preferably on both warps in a given pattern area. Novel effects are thus produced by the relations of the heights of the high portions of the wires, and the heights of the low portions of the wires on the alternating wires, thus varying the relations of the highest pile projections and the lowest pile projections to one another in the particular row and in reference to the alternate rows. Where the adjoining wires are all wavy wires, the wavy wires will desirably be non-cutting.

Figure 6 shows wavy portions 103 on the tops of the wires 96 in the shed over which pile loops 100 are formed by pile warps 75 in a given pattern area and also on wires 98 over which pile loops 101 are formed by pile warp 76 in the same pattern area. In wires 96 and 98 of Figure 6 the highest wavy portions within the shed are of different heights, while the lowest wavy portions are of the same height. In the particular pattern area pile warp 75 is raising loops over wires having the lower highest portions and the same height of lowest portions, while pile warp 76 is raising loops over wires having the higher highest portions and the same height of lowest portions.

In some cases as shown in Figure 7, the wavy wires 96 having the lower highest portions, over which in the particular pattern area pile warp 75 is raised to create loops 100, have the lower lowest portions, while pile wires 98 over which pile warp 76 is raised to form pile loops 101 in the particular pattern area have higher highest portions and lowest portions which are higher than the lowest portions of pile wires 96 and will in some cases be higher than the highest portions of pile wires 96.

' In some cases both the heights of the lowest and highest portions of the wires raising one pile warp will be between the heights of the lowest and highest portions of the wires raising the other pile warp. Thus in Figure 8 the heights of the lowest and highest portions within the shed of pile wires 96 over which pile warp 75 is raised in the particular pattern area to form pile loops 100 lie between the heights of the lowest and highest portions within the shed of pile wires 98 over which pile warp 76 is raised to form pile loops 101.

In some cases the heights of the respective highest portions of the wavy wires are the same and the heights of the lowest portions within the shed are different as shown in Figure 9. As here observed, wires 96 over which pile warp 75 is raised to form pile loops 100 and wires 98 over which pile warp 76 is raised to form pile loops 101 have highest portions of the same height, but the lowest portions as shown are of different heights, being higher on wires 98 than on wires 96.

In some cases the heights of both the highest and lowest portions on wires 96 and 98 are the same as shown in Figure 10.

It will be understood, of course, that the condition shown in Figures 6 to 10 will be reversed in other pattern areas where the reversal is employed.

In some cases one pile warp will be raised over straight non-cutting wires and the other pile warp will be raised over wavy non-cutting wires as shown in Figures 11 to 14 inclusive.

In Figure 11 wavy non-cutting wires 96 which form wavy pile loops 100 by raising pile warp 75 in the particular pattern area have highest portions of the same height as straight non-cutting wires 98 over which pile warp 76 is raised to form pile loops 101. As shown in Figure 12, in some cases the heights of the straight wires are between the heights of the highest and lowest portions inthe shed of -the wavy wires. Here wavy non-cutting wires 96 raise pile warp '75 to form pile loops 100 and non-cutting straight wires 98 in the same pattern area 'raise pile warp 76 to form pile loops 101, the height of the, straight wires 98 being intermediate between the 6 heights of the highest and lowest portions of wavy'noncutting wires 96.

In some-cases the straight wires are lower than the lowest portions in the shed on the wavy wires as shown in'Figures 13 where wavy wires 96 raising pile warp to form pile loops have highest and lowest portions within the shed which are higher than the heights of straight non-cutting wires 98 which raise pile warp 76 to form pile loops 101.

Likewise in some cases the heights of the high and low portions of wavy pile wires 96 which raise pile warp 75 to form pile loops 100 in the particular pattern area are both lower than the heights of straight non-cutting wires 98 which raise pile warp 76 to form pile loops 101 as shown in Figure 14. V

In some cases the straight wires interposed among the wavy wires may be cutting wires as shown in Figures 15 to 18 inclusive. In Figure 15, the wires 96 which raise pile warp 75' to form pile loops 100 in the particular pattern area are wavy wires whose highest portions within the shed are of the same height as straight cutting wires 98 having .cutters 102 at the far end which raise pile warp 76 to form pile tufts 101. In Figure 16 the heights of the straight wires 98 are intermediate between the heights of the lowest and highest portions in the shed of the wavy non-cutting wires 96. In Figure 17 the heights of the highest and lowest portions of the wavy noncutting wires 96 are greater than the heights of the straight cutting wires 98.

In Figure 18 the straight cutting wires 98 are higher than both the highest and lowest portions of the wavy non-cutting wires 96.

In accordance with the invention, the principles which have just been outlined will desirably be applied to vary the sequence of wires over which a particular pile warp is raised in a particular pattern area, and this will preferably be done to the wires over which both pile warps are raised in that pattern area. To simplify the showing I illustrate'in Figures 19 to 39 inclusive wires 96 shown generally in dot-and-dash lines to indicate that they are wires of any of the characters of Figures 2 to 39 inclusive, alternating with wires 98 which show the special features of the invention and are in some cases designated 98 and 98' to indicate that variations exist. In describing these figures pile projections 100 of pile warp 75 raised over wires 96 are not-being separately described, it being understood that these will be of any of the characters herein referred to and conforming to the wires over which pile warp 75 is raised.

In Figure 19 pile warp 76 is raised to form pile loops 101 over non-cuttingwavy wires 98 and 98' alternating with the wires 96, the wavy wires 98 and 98' having highest portions within the shed which are of different heights (higher on wires 98) and lowest portions within the shed which are of the same height. Figures 19a and 19b show the fabric produced by the wires of Figure 19 in two difierent areas, one according to Figure 19a and the other according to 19b. In Figure 19b loops 100' are raised over the wavy wires and loops 101' over the straight wires.

As shown in Figure 20, wavy non-cutting wires 98 have highest portions within the shed which are intermediate in height between the highest and lowest portions within the shed of wavy-cutting wires 98', while the lowest portions of wires 98 are lower than the lowest portions of wires 98.

Figure-21 is the same except that wavy non-cutting wires 98 have highest and lowest portions within the shed which are intermediate between the heights of the highest and lowest portions within the shed of wavy non-cutting wires 98. a I v In'Figure 22,- wavy non-cutting wires 98 and 98" over highest portions within the shed of the same height but on wires 98.

As, shown in Figure 23, wires 98 are lowstraightround or non-cutting wires and wires 98' over whichpile warp 76 is also raised arehigh straight round or'nomcutting Wires. V

Similarly as shown in Figure24, wires 98 over which pile warp 76 is raised to form pile tufts 101 are in this case low straight wireshaving cutters at the ;far ends (opposite the head) while pile wires 98' are high straight wires having cutters 102 at the far ends. Either the low or the high wire'may be non-cutting as shown inFigures 25 and 26. In Figure 25, wires '98 are low straight noncutting wires and wires 98 are high straight wires having cutters at the far ends. In Figure 26 the low straight cutting wires are 98 and the high straight non-cutting wires are 98'.

The wires 93 and 98 may be straight ,cutting and noncutting wires of the san te heights, as shown in Figure 27.

Where desired, the wires 98 will include, alternating with straight wires, any of the characters of wavy wires described. In Figure 28, wires 98 are low straight round or non-cutting wires raising pile warp 76, wires 98' are non-cutting wavy wires of any suitable character which alternate throughout the wires raising pile warp 76 in any pattern area and wires 98 are high straight round 'or non-cutting wires. Thus pile warp '76'is raised1first 'over a low straight round wire, then over a wavy wire bearing any of the relations herein specified to the straight wires, then over a high straight round wire "bearing any of the relations herein specified to. the wavy wire and then again over a wavy wire of any of the types herein referred to.

In this case as shown in Figure 29, the wavy wire 98',

will where desired be provided with a. cutter at the far end and the straight non-cutting wire 98 between each.

pair of wavy wires will suitably have the same height as the lowest portions of the wavy wire. In Figure 30,;the straight non-cutting wires over which pile 'warp 76 is raised in a particular pattern area suitably consist of a low straight non-cutting wire 98 and a high straight noncutting wire 98 with a wavy wire 98' having a cutter at thefar end interposed betweenthe two straight wires 98, and wires 98 there being one wire. 98' betweenthe wires 98 and 98 V All of these wires are wavy, noncutting wires. Wires 98' are wavy wires having any of the relations of heights of highest portions and lowest f portions to wires 98 and 98 herein referred to, but

wires 98 and 98 bear a special relation in Figures 31 to 35. In Figure 31 the highest portions within the shed of non-cutting wavy wires 98 and 98 have different heights whereas the lowest portions have the same height.

In Figure 32 the highest portions within the shed of wavy non-cutting pile wires 98 have a height between that of the highest and lowest portions within the shed of wavy non-cutting pile wires 98 while the 7 lowest portions within the shedof pilewires 98 have a height lower than a the lowest portions within the shed of wavy pile wires 98*. In Figure 33 pile wires '98 have highest and lowest portions within the shed whose height is intermediate between the heights of the highest and lowest portions within the shed of pile wires 98 Figure 34 shows pile wires 98 and 98 whosehighest PQrtions within'the shedare of the same height and in wh c th pil Wir s 98 ;have h r lowes p t ons than zihe'p le e .1 a 7 i In Figure-35 wavy'pile wires 98-and 98 'have' *t hesam heights forboth the highest and the lowestportions within the shed.

- Itwill be evident that in some cases straight and wavy 7 wires will desirably alternate as appliedtothe sameiwarp; as shown in Figures 36 to 39. In Figure 36 pile -.warp 76 is raised alternately over straight non-cutting pile wire98 and wavy non-cutting'pile wire 98' having the highest portions within the shed of the same :height as straight wire 98.

In Figure 37 pilewarp 76 in this pattern area is raised alternately over straight non-cutting pile wire 98 'and wavy non-cutting pile wire 98f having its highest portions within the shed higher than straight wire 98- andits low-' est portions within 'the'shed lower than straight wire 98.

In Figure '38 wavy non-cutting pile wires 98 alternate in raising pile warp 76 in this pattern areawith straight non-cutting pile wires 98, straight wire 98 being lower than the lowest portions within the shed of wavy wires 98'. On the other hand in Figure 39 straightnQn-cutting pile wire 98 is higher than the highest portions within the shed of wavy pile wire 98.

Figure 40 shows by wayof specific example a combination of different wires for raising the respective pile warps '75 and 76; In this case pile warp 76 is always raised .over non-cutting wavy wire 98 in the particular pattern area. Wire 96 is a low straight cutting wire,

' andwire 96' (the next wire over' which. pile .warp is raised) is a high straight non-cutting wire. f 7

The wavy wires may have any of the characters well known in the art as suggested by Rodier French Patent 451,065 or Jackson U. S. Patent 2;516,465. The high and low points on successive wavy wires will, of course-be displaced at different positions laterallyto achieve a pattern efiect asshown in Belgian Patent 250,673. -This is illustrated by Figure 41 which shows a set of wires 104- having heads 105 in which alternate wires 104' arewavy and have high points 106 distributed in a chevron etIecL.

In Figure 42 on the other hand, the high points 106 are distributed helte'r skelter to create a heather appearance.

Figure 42a shows a fragment of one of thewavy wires having a high area 106,a low area 104 and sloping portions 104 on the upper surfaces connecting the high and low portions.

Where two wavy wires are to be used in association, the heights of the high and low portions of the loops produced in accordance with-the invention may bear any of a wide variety of relationships to one another as.

shown in the table, where the lefthand three columns describes the relative heights of .the high portion of pile wire A compared to the high portion of pile wire B, of the low portion of pile wire A compared to the'low portion of pile wire B and of the difierence between the high and low portions of pile wire A and compared to pile wire 'B, and the fourth columngives the height ofthe high portion of pile wire B compared to the low portion of pile wire A. The next four columns give the actualheights of pile wire A and pile wire B in-thousandthsof an inch and the last four columns give the heights of the :final pile projections in two adjoining rows produced over the-wires of the particular examples Thus it .will be seen that for any particular height of the high pile projections in the row having the higher :highest pileprojections, the highest pile projections in the next row .will be the same height or lower. -Thelowest pile projections in the first row may be lower than, the same height as, :or higher than the highest pile projections in the next row and may be lower than, the same height as, .or higher than the, lowest pile projections, in the next row.

Thus. the highest pile projections in the two rows may be of the same height or different heights, and the lowest pileprojections in the row having the higher highest pile' projection may below'er the same height orhigherthan 7 1t highest p lepmiections and also thelowest pile pro jections in the row having the lower highest pile projections. This combination of heights of wavy pile projections in adjacent rows gives many novel effects with reversal of pile over wires of different characters. Likewise with the highest pile projections of the same height, novel effects may be obtained by using lowest pile projections of different heights in the diiferent rows.

Example I V Straight cutting wire of height 0.260 inch Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch Example V Straight non-cutting wire of height 0.290 inch Wire A Example Pile Wire B Height Height Difierence of high Wire A Wire B Pile formed Pile formed Height of high of low between portion over wire A over wire B portion portion high and compared compared compared low potto low to high to low tions on portion Height Height Height Height Height Height Height Height portion portion wire A as of wire of of of of of of of of of wire B of wire compared A high low high low high low high low B to wire B portion portion portion portion portion portion portion portion Same Same Same HigheL--. 225 150 225 150 225 188 225 188 Higher Higher do d0 225 175 200 150 225 200 200 175 0 do More do 225 150 160 125 225 208 160 123 do 225 190 200 150 225 200 200 183 do 225 175 200 125 225 188 200 175 do 225 190 200 160 225 205 200 183 do 225 130 200 150 225 200 200 153 do 225 100 175 150 225 213 175 113 Lower 225 150 125 100 225 213 125 88 -"do 225 200 150 100 225 200 150 138 H1gher 225 175 200 175 225 213 200 175 (in 225 200 210 100 225 170 210 198 do 225 185 205 125 225 185 205 185 do 225 175 225 150 225 188 225 200 These features may be applied in adjacent rows of wavy pile projections of diiferent warps or in adjacent rows of pile projections of the same warp alternating with pile projections of a diflerent warp as already explained.

The feature of reversal is desirably employed to give diiferent effects in different pattern areas by raising one pile warp over pile wires A in one area and over pile wires B in another area. 7

A simple way to accomplish reversal as shown in Figure 41 is to employ in the wire set an odd number of successive wires of different character arranged in a group where an even number of pile warps is employed or an even number of successive wires of difierent character arranged in a group where an odd number of dilferent pile warps is employed. By this means, pile warp A is raised over a wire of a particular character at one point, but the next time a wire of that character is employed it raises pile warp B.

Figure 43 shows a succession of three wires of the wire set; it being understood that this grouping is repeated throughout the wire set. At the particular point, pile warp 75 is raised over high straight non-cutting pile wire 96 pile warp 76 is raised over wavy wire 98 having its high points higher and its low points lower than the height of wire 96 and then pile warp 75 is raised over straight cutting pile wire 96' of the height of the low points on wavy wire 98. It will be obvious that when pile warp 76 is next raised, it will be carried over wire 96, thus constituting a reversal.

Typical examples of the wires referred to in Figure 47 with variations in their characters are:

Example 1 Straight non-cutting wire of height 0.290 inch Wavy non-cutting wire varying in height from 0.142 inch to 0.213 inch Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch Example [1 Straight non-cutting wire of height 0.290 inch Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch Example III Straight cutting wire of height 0.200 inch Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch Example VI Straight cutting wire of height 0.200 inch Straight non-cutting wire of height 0.160 inch Straight non-cutting wire of height 0.160 inch Reversal is shown in Figure 44 where a wire set or portion thereof has wires 107 of one character or succession of characters alternating with wires 108 of another character or succession of characters, wires 107 raising pile warps A and wires 108 raising pile warps B until at a point of reversal 110 two wires 108 are side by side, so that thenceforth until the next reversal wires 108 raise pile warps A and wires 107 raise pile warps B.

The same effect can be achieved by leaving a gap or missing a wire at a point of reversal 110' as shown in Figure 45.

The resulting fabric will desirably have pile warps A and B each consisting of ends of different colors arranged in bands or groups as shown in Figures 46 and 47, which indicate diagrammatically the face of the fabric. Thus in Figure 46 as shown at the top, pile warp A has wide bands 111 and 112 of pile warp ends of one color in the dents of the reed and an intermediate band 113 of pile warp ends of another color. Pile warp B has wide bands 114 and 115 of pile warp ends of one color (which may be the color of ends 113) in the dents of the reed and an intermediate band 116 of pile warp ends of another color (which may be the color of the pile warp ends in bands 111 and 112). The lower portion shows the wires numbered from 1 to 24 in top plan, raising the pile.

The letters at the right show which pile warp is raised over particular wires whose diiferent characters are indicated by C and D at the left. At the points of reversal 110 pile warp A which was formerly raised over wire C is thenceforth raised over pile D, or vice versa.

In some cases it is desirable to make up each pile warp of major bands of pile warp ends, each of which includes minor bands of ends of another color. Thus in Figure 47, pile warp A is made up of major bands 117, 118, 120 and 121 of pile warp ends of different colors and band 117 consists of sub-bands 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127 and 128 of various colors, some of which will suitably be the same, while major band 118 consists of sub-bands 130,

131, 132 and 133 of differentcolors, major band 120 consists of sub-bands 134, 135, 136 and 137 of different colors, and major band 121consists of sub-band-138 and 140. I V

Likewise pile warp B is made up of major band 141 consisting of sub-bands 142, 143, 144, 145 and 146 of different colors, major band 147 consisting of sub-bands 148, 150, 151 and 152 of different colors, major band 153 consisting of sub-bands 154, 155, 156 and 157 of different colors and major band 158 consisting of subbands 160 and 16 1 of different colors. pile warp ends may boot the same color if desired.

Instead of differences in color, the bands may exhibit dilferences in pile --yarn -twist,-weight, material-on construction.

At the point of reversal 110, pile warp A which formerly was raised over pile wire C of one character is' henceforth raised from pile wiresD of another character,

or vice versa.

Reversals are provided as frequently as desired throughout the fabric, but preferably two are present in each wire set. 7

,It will be evident that for best results the slope of t the inclined portion Onthe wavy'wire on the side toward The loom used to accomplish the weave of the invention.

may be a'standard velvet, tapestry or Wilton carpet loom such as the Crompton and Knowles or the Dobcross shown, for instance, in Charles H. Masland, 2d patent application Serial No. 144,764, filed February 17, 1950, for Weaving rWith Effect From Orientation of High and Low Pile, incorporated herein by referencev It will be understood that in a designing pattern,

where the pile warps are to'be taken from beams, the

pattern should be compensating, that is, the total height of pile on-any one pile warp and in the Wire repeat should equal the total height of the pile on any other pile warp end and at any other dent. Of course it will be understood that in case the pile warp ends are distributed from spools or otherwise individually fed, it is not important to employ a compensating pattern.

- of interesting and attractive effectsand. to .design carpets Of course all W an o her fabri torb e d e fec ly w t other f r i ur an -d cor i g pl a r In view of my invention and disclosure variations and modifications to meet individual whim or particular need will doubtless become evident tofothers skilled in the art,

to obtain all or part of the benefits of my invention y without copyingthe process, structure and fabric shown, and I therefore claim all such insofar as they fall within the reasonable spirit and scope of my claim. 7 V p 7 Having thus described myrinvention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by letters Patent is:

A-velvet pile carpet having a plurality of contrasting pile warp sets, stufler warp ,ends, binder warp ends-and wefts interwoven together, all of the ends of the pile warp sets being raised injthe pile in successive transverse rows of pile projections -in the -fabric, t-he, fabric having,

a plurality of first pile areasv distributed in spaced relation, and a plurality of 'secondpile areas distributedin spaced relation, the pile waipffends of thejfirsftffpileiwfarp set forming'in each ofthe first pile areas rows'of pile projections which extend above the'.pile projections of the second pile warp set and forming in-the second pile areas rows of pile projections whose. tops are below the pile projections of the second pile warp set, and the pile V warp ends of the second pilewarp set formingnin the first pile areas, rows of pile projections whose tops are below the pile projections of the first pile warp set and in the second pile areas -rows of pile projectionswhich extend above the pile projections of; the first pile warp set, whereby in one pile area the pile projections formed by one pile sethave the heights which the pile projections of the other pile warp set have in a different pile area.

References Citedin the file'of this patent V UNITED STATES j PATENTS 2,430,559

Dacey a Nov. 1-1, 1947 2,546,261 .Groat Mar. 27, 1951 2,573,841 Groat a Nov, 6, 1951 2,576,791 Jackson Nov. 27, 1951 2,709,460 Hoeselbarth May 31, 1 955 FOREIGN PATENTS 52,249 rNetherlands Apr. 15, 1942 814,846 1937 7 France Mar; 30, 

